![]() Kant attributes moral worth only to action done from duty (i.e., from respect for the law), not from inclination. If we are bound to obey the moral law, we must be capable of doing so Kant holds that, even assuming causal determinism in the phenomenal world, morality reveals our (noumenal) freedom to us. All ethical duties are ultimately grounded in this supreme moral principle. For us, the moral law is a categorical imperative. Unlike holy beings, human beings experience morality as a constraint upon our wills. Kant takes the moral law to be legislated by the will to itself. ![]() ![]() Kant maintained that foundational moral principles must be a priori, not based on observation or experience. Salient foundational features of Kant’s ethics include: its a priori method, its conception of the will as autonomous, its categorical imperative, its theory of freedom, and its account of moral motivation. Kant’s writings and lectures display the influence of the Stoics, Rousseau, Crusius, Wolff, Hutcheson, Hume, and others Fichte, Hegel, Nietzsche, Bradley, Greene, Habermas, and Rawls are among the many philosophers whose moral philosophies can be read (in part) as responses to Kant. ![]() Kant’s ethical thought continues to be studied in itself, as a part of his critical system of philosophy, in its historical context, and in relation to particular practical questions. The ethical theory of Immanuel Kant (b. 1724–d. 1804) exerted a powerful influence on the subsequent history of philosophy and continues to be a dominant approach to ethics, rivaling consequentialism and virtue ethics. ![]()
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